Incident response

Ransomware & Data Breach Analysis

Reviewed and approved by Joseph Caruso. .

Find out how the attacker got in, what they accessed and which systems were affected. GDF analyzes the evidence and gives your response team, counsel and leadership a clear account of the incident.

Incident response plan beside a hotline handset.

Agree response roles and preserve the incident record

Confirm activation availability, authorized responders, preservation priorities and the systems actually accessible. Agree who contains, restores or changes production systems, and record those actions alongside the evidence timeline.

Technical findings distinguish confirmed access or extraction, possible exposure, unavailable logs and confidence limits. Counsel and the responsible organization determine applicable reporting duties and legal risk; a forensic finding is not a legal breach determination.

Primary references: NIST incident-response guidance, April 2025 (opens in a new tab) · HHS HIPAA breach-notification rule (opens in a new tab).

What sensitive information did the attacker access or take?

GDF analyzes endpoint, server, identity, cloud and network evidence to determine what the attacker did and which records were affected. We examine evidence of access, file staging, archive creation and transfers alongside the systems and accounts involved. A ransomware event can involve encryption, data theft or both; each conclusion needs supporting evidence.

We identify personally identifiable information (PII) and protected health information (PHI) within the relevant data, then correlate that inventory with the attack timeline. Finding sensitive information in a file establishes its contents, not that an attacker opened or removed it. Our findings distinguish confirmed activity, potentially affected records and questions the available evidence cannot resolve.

Give counsel a defensible scope for reporting

Treating every record in an organization as affected can obscure the actual incident. GDF helps counsel define the relevant data set, remove duplicate records and identify affected information and individuals where the evidence supports it. We document why records are included, excluded or remain uncertain, helping avoid an unnecessarily broad reporting scope without understating exposure.

Notification decisions are not limited to files proven to have been exfiltrated. HIPAA and other applicable requirements can involve unauthorized access, acquisition, use or disclosure. Missing logs do not establish that information was safe. Counsel determines the legal notification obligations using the technical findings and applicable requirements.

Expert findings that support regulatory response

GDF provides clear technical conclusions, supporting evidence, timelines, methods and limitations in a report that counsel can use for regulatory assessments and incident reporting. We work with the legal team to address the questions its reporting process requires and explain where further evidence is needed. A supported conclusion should be stated directly; an unresolved question should not be presented as certainty.

The engagement

Analyze evidence while operations recover

Containment and forensic analysis happen on the same clock. A response that restores systems but destroys volatile evidence can make later notification, insurance, regulatory and litigation decisions harder.

GDF integrates evidence preservation with operational response. The examination follows the intrusion across identity, endpoints, network, cloud and affected business systems, producing an evidence-based timeline and a decision record for counsel and leadership.

Scope

  • Rapid forensic triage

    Prioritize volatile and short-retention evidence while containment and restoration decisions are underway.

  • Endpoint and server analysis

    Examine execution, persistence, credential access, lateral movement and payload artifacts.

  • Identity and cloud examination

    Review authentication, administrative, mailbox and cloud audit records across the incident window.

  • Network and security telemetry

    Correlate firewall, EDR, DNS, proxy, VPN and other available telemetry with host findings.

  • Data-access assessment

    Test claims of access or exfiltration against logs, staging artifacts, transfer records and known gaps.

  • Counsel and insurer reporting

    Technical chronology, scope statements, limitations and briefings designed for parallel decision tracks.

Methodology

How incident response works

  1. Stabilize

    Preserve the evidence most likely to disappear while supporting safe containment priorities.

  2. Scope

    Follow identities, hosts, network paths and cloud events to bound the incident.

  3. Test

    Corroborate actor claims and internal assumptions against the available technical record.

  4. Document

    Maintain a dated chronology, findings, limitations and remediation evidence for later scrutiny.

Evidence commonly examined

Evidence reviewed

  • Memory, endpoints and affected servers
  • Identity, VPN and cloud audit logs
  • EDR and security-platform telemetry
  • Firewall, DNS, proxy and network records
  • Malware, scripts and persistence artifacts
  • Backup, restoration and response records

What you can expect

What you receive

  • Incident evidence and decision log
  • Initial-access and activity timeline
  • Affected-system and data assessment
  • Technical report and executive/counsel briefings

Frequently asked

Common questions

Should we rebuild affected systems immediately?

Business needs may require restoration, but preserve relevant volatile data, images and logs first where feasible. The sequence should be agreed by response leadership.

Can you prove that data was not taken?

Usually no examiner can prove a universal negative. We identify evidence of access or transfer, the sources reviewed, their coverage and the blind spots that limit the conclusion.

Do you work with breach counsel and cyber insurers?

Yes. We provide independent technical facts; counsel and the insurer make legal and coverage decisions.

Talk with an examiner

Discuss your matter and next step

Tell us the systems, evidence and deadline. We can review relevant experience, potential conflicts and the scope before engagement.

Since 1992 · 24/7 dispatch · Court-tested experts

Or call 1-800-868-8189

Email or phone is required. A submission does not create an engagement. For an active incident, please call. Read what we send with the request.

Talk with an examiner

Discuss the matter and the next step.

Tell us what happened and what you need to find out. Speak with a GDF expert about how we can help.

24/7 hotline: 1-800-868-8189

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